Trajectoire de production sur 10 ans: Étoiles montantes et producteurs en déclin
EU-27 rape and turnip rape seeds output rose from 18.2 million tonnes in 2016 to 20.0 million tonnes in 2025 — a net gain of roughly 1.8 million tonnes (+9.8%), equivalent to a 1.0% CAGR. The decade low was 2019 at 15.3 million tonnes, and output exceeded 19 million tonnes in three of the final four years.
France held its position as the largest producer by a narrow margin over Germany, averaging 4.3 million tonnes annually. French output was essentially flat over the decade (a -0.26% CAGR, -111.8 thousand tonnes net). Its 2020 value carries a break-in-series flag reflecting a methodological change. Germany, the second-largest producer, slipped into Declining territory (a -1.55% CAGR, -599.4 thousand tonnes or -13.1%), with a 2017 value flagged as a definition difference.
The clearest rising stars were in Eastern Europe. Lithuania more than doubled its output (a 9.89% CAGR, +133.6%), climbing from 401.6 thousand tonnes in 2016 to 938.4 thousand tonnes in 2025. Romania nearly doubled (a 7.57% CAGR, +92.8%), lifting production from 1.3 million tonnes to 2.5 million tonnes over the ten years. Poland grew at a strong 5.63% CAGR (+63.7%), adding 1.35 million tonnes and reaching 3.5 million tonnes by 2025, though its 2025 value is flagged as Eurostat-estimated. Denmark posted solid growth (a 3.64% CAGR, +37.9%), though from a smaller base. The steepest declines came from Hungary, which lost more than half its output (a -8.46% CAGR, -54.9%, falling from 925.0 to 417.3 thousand tonnes), and Czechia, which shed a quarter of its production (a -3.12% CAGR, -24.8%, from 1.4 million to 1.0 million tonnes).
All values in 1 000 t. b = break in series, d = definition difference, e = estimated.
| Country | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | CAGR | Net Change (1 000 t) | Trajectory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 4742.9 | 5378.5 | 4980.5 | 3523.3 | 3290.0b | 3306.5 | 4516.5 | 4276.9 | 3941.1 | 4631.1 | -0.26% | -111.8 | Stable |
| Germany | 4579.6 | 4275.6d | 3677.2 | 2830.2 | 3527.3 | 3504.6 | 4294.9 | 4218.0 | 3631.7 | 3980.2 | -1.55% | -599.4 | Declining |
| Poland | 2121.8 | 2578.7 | 2105.6 | 2268.8 | 2982.9 | 3050.9 | 3487.1 | 3575.1 | 3124.2 | 3473.3e | +5.63% | +1351.6 | Ascending |
| Romania | 1292.8 | 1673.3 | 1610.9 | 798.2 | 780.2 | 1375.1 | 1229.5 | 1789.7 | 1180.8 | 2492.6 | +7.57% | +1199.9 | Ascending |
| Czechia | 1359.1 | 1146.2 | 1410.8 | 1157.0 | 1245.3 | 1024.9 | 1166.4 | 1309.5 | 946.9 | 1021.7 | -3.12% | -337.4 | Declining |
| Lithuania | 401.6 | 546.5 | 435.9 | 692.5 | 972.4 | 909.4 | 901.0 | 819.5 | 868.0 | 938.4 | +9.89% | +536.7 | Ascending |
| Hungary | 925.0 | 932.1 | 1002.7 | 912.1 | 876.9 | 734.0 | 505.1 | 626.4 | 450.4 | 417.3 | -8.46% | -507.7 | Declining |
| Denmark | 506.2 | 742.3 | 489.1 | 729.0 | 560.2 | 650.9 | 889.2 | 822.7 | 696.9 | 698.2 | +3.64% | +192.0 | Ascending |
| EU-27 | 18244.2 | 19746.6 | 17916.6 | 15288.9 | 16563.2 | 16946.7 | 19417.2 | 19585.2 | 16632.2 | 20026.4 | +1.04% | +1782.2 | Ascending |
Tableau de stabilité d'approvisionnement: Classement de fiabilité
The most reliable supply does not come from the largest producers. Ranking the top eight countries by coefficient of variation (CV) — a lower percentage indicates more stable year-to-year output — reveals a clear split between dependable and volatile sources.
Czechia is the decade's most stable supplier among the top eight (CV 12.34%, max drawdown -27.69%), despite ranking only seventh by volume. Germany is a close second (CV 12.73%, max drawdown -23.03%), making it the most reliable high-volume producer: 3.9 million tonnes mean output with below-average volatility. France (CV 16.10%, max drawdown -29.26%) and Denmark (CV 18.22%, max drawdown -34.11%) fall into the moderately stable tier.
Poland (CV 18.85%) is a borderline case — its moderate volatility is tempered by the shallowest maximum drawdown of any top producer (-18.35%), meaning Poland never lost more than a fifth of its crop in a single year. At the volatile extreme, Romania (CV 33.69%) experienced the harshest single-year contraction of the decade: a -50.45% drawdown in 2020. Hungary (CV 28.56%, max drawdown -31.19%) and Lithuania (CV 27.27%, max drawdown -20.24%) round out the high-volatility tier.
CV < 10% = Very stable; CV 10–20% = Moderately stable; CV > 20% = Volatile.
| Country | Mean (1 000 t) | CV% | Max Drawdown% | Years Below Mean | Stability Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia | 1178.8 | 12.34% | -27.69% | 6 | 1 |
| Germany | 3851.9 | 12.73% | -23.03% | 5 | 2 |
| France | 4258.8 | 16.10% | -29.26% | 4 | 3 |
| Denmark | 678.5 | 18.22% | -34.11% | 4 | 4 |
| Poland | 2876.8 | 18.85% | -18.35% | 4 | 5 |
| Lithuania | 748.5 | 27.27% | -20.24% | 4 | 6 |
| Hungary | 738.2 | 28.56% | -31.19% | 5 | 7 |
| Romania | 1422.3 | 33.69% | -50.45% | 6 | 8 |
Évolution de l'allocation des terres: Transformation des terres agricoles sur 10 ans
EU-27 harvested area for rape and turnip rape seeds expanded modestly from 5.96 million hectares in 2016 to 6.04 million hectares in 2025 (+81.3 thousand hectares, +1.4%, a 0.15% CAGR). The net EU change masks a sharp East–West divergence in land-use trends.
France (-285.3 thousand hectares, -18.4%, a -2.23% annualized rate) and Germany (-230.8 thousand hectares, -17.4%, -2.10%/yr) both reduced area substantially, while Czechia (-14.5%, -1.73%/yr) and Hungary (-44.0%, -6.24%/yr) followed the same pattern. Hungary's contraction was the most severe: its harvested area shrank from 256.7 thousand hectares to just 143.8 thousand hectares, a decline of 112.9 thousand hectares over the ten years.
On the expanding side, Lithuania more than doubled its rape area (+128.6%, a 9.62% annualized rate, +197.6 thousand hectares), Romania added 332.1 thousand hectares (+72.8%, +6.27%/yr), and Poland expanded by 274.9 thousand hectares (+33.4%, +3.26%/yr). Denmark held essentially steady (-1.6%, -0.18%/yr, Stable). Comparing production CAGR against area CAGR provides a lens into efficiency gains. In Poland, production (+5.63% CAGR) grew faster than area (+3.26%/yr), implying yield improvement. In Romania, production (+7.57% CAGR) also outpaced area (+6.27%/yr). In contrast, France and Germany saw production fall more slowly than area, meaning per-hectare yields rose even as acreage contracted. Hungary was the exception: production (-8.46% CAGR) fell faster than area (-6.24%/yr), indicating a yield squeeze on top of land attrition.
All values in 1 000 ha. b = break in series, e = estimated.
| Country | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Net Change (1 000 ha) | Growth Rate | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 1550.5 | 1406.4 | 1616.6 | 1107.0 | 1112.9b | 980.1 | 1230.2 | 1345.7 | 1326.7 | 1265.2 | -285.3 | -2.23% | Contracting |
| Germany | 1325.7 | 1308.9 | 1228.3 | 856.8 | 957.7 | 1000.9 | 1088.2 | 1178.2 | 1088.3 | 1094.9 | -230.8 | -2.10% | Contracting |
| Poland | 822.6 | 914.3 | 845.1 | 875.2 | 979.4 | 993.4 | 1078.1 | 1102.6 | 1009.8 | 1097.5e | +274.9 | +3.26% | Expanding |
| Romania | 455.9 | 598.0 | 632.7 | 352.6 | 362.9 | 445.9 | 468.9 | 641.4 | 522.3 | 788.1 | +332.1 | +6.27% | Expanding |
| Czechia | 393.0 | 394.3 | 411.8 | 379.8 | 368.2 | 342.3 | 344.0 | 379.9 | 343.4 | 335.9 | -57.1 | -1.73% | Contracting |
| Lithuania | 153.6 | 180.9 | 205.3 | 241.7 | 283.6 | 310.5 | 348.4 | 304.9 | 328.6 | 351.2 | +197.6 | +9.62% | Expanding |
| Hungary | 256.7 | 303.0 | 330.6 | 300.6 | 310.0 | 257.5 | 204.6 | 188.8 | 172.4 | 143.8 | -112.9 | -6.24% | Contracting |
| Denmark | 163.2 | 177.6 | 142.6 | 165.5 | 145.9 | 162.4 | 197.9 | 211.2 | 180.8 | 160.6 | -2.6 | -0.18% | Stable |
| EU-27 | 5955.6 | 6185.8 | 6317.6 | 5118.7 | 5321.7 | 5326.0 | 5886.9 | 6192.8 | 5698.6 | 6036.9 | +81.3 | +0.15% | Stable |
Frequently Asked Questions
Quel pays de l'UE a le plus augmenté sa production de colza et navette entre 2016 et 2025?
La Lituanie a enregistré la croissance la plus rapide, avec un taux de croissance annuel composé de 9,89% et plus qu'un doublement de sa production (+133,6%), passant de 401,6 milliers de tonnes en 2016 à 938,4 milliers de tonnes en 2025. La Roumanie et la Pologne ont également affiché de fortes hausses, avec des TCAC respectifs de 7,57% et 5,63%.
Quel est le fournisseur de colza et navette le plus stable de l'UE?
La Tchéquie s'est classée comme le producteur le plus fiable, avec le coefficient de variation le plus bas (12,34%) parmi les huit principaux pays. L'Allemagne arrive en deuxième position (CV 12,73%), combinant la deuxième production moyenne la plus élevée avec une forte régularité annuelle.
La superficie de colza et navette de l'UE est-elle en expansion ou en contraction?
La superficie récoltée de l'UE-27 a légèrement augmenté (+1,4% sur la décennie). Cette stabilité globale masque toutefois un clivage Est-Ouest prononcé : la France, l'Allemagne, la Tchéquie et la Hongrie ont toutes réduit leur superficie, tandis que la Lituanie, la Roumanie et la Pologne l'ont considérablement augmentée.
Source data extracted from Eurostat dataset apro_cpsh1.
This article was generated using AI. The content is based on Eurostat data and is provided as a starting point — please verify all data with the original source.
