![EU Celeriac Production: 10-Year Momentum Report [2015–2024]](/images/celeriac_crop.avif)
10-Year Production Trajectory: Rising Stars & Fading Producers
Year-by-year harvested production (1 000 tonnes) for the eight leading EU celeriac producers reveals a sector with clear winners and losers. Czechia grew at a 4.66% CAGR, adding 3.8 thousand tonnes, while Poland expanded at 1.7% CAGR and Germany at 1.4%. On the opposite side, Belgium contracted at −3.04% CAGR and Spain declined at −1.1% CAGR. France and Austria posted stable trajectories, with both countries showing minimal deviation from their decade averages.
Poland's production fluctuated from a low of 85.8 thousand tonnes in 2015 to a peak of 115.1 in 2017, then settled at 99.9 thousand tonnes in 2024 — still a 16.4% net increase over the decade. The Netherlands showed notable volatility, ranging from 71.4 thousand tonnes in 2015 to a high of 101.2 in 2017 before closing at 78.1 in 2024. Belgium's decline was the most pronounced: from 46.0 thousand tonnes in 2015 to 34.8 in 2024, with a particularly sharp drop between 2021 (41.5) and 2022 (29.3). Germany maintained relatively consistent output above 68 thousand tonnes each year, peaking at 85.6 in 2023, while France demonstrated the tightest year-to-year band among all top producers.
| Country | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | CAGR | Net Change (1 000 t) | Trajectory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU-27 total* | 383.5 | N/A | 459.8 | 394.9 | 418.3 | 435.8 | N/A | N/A | 428.9 | 397.8 | N/A | N/A | — |
| Poland | 85.8 | 101.4 | 115.1 | 100.5 | 98.9 | 103.3 | 101.3 | 110.9 | 106.1 | 99.9 | +1.70% | +14.1 | Ascending |
| Netherlands | 71.4 | 75.2 | 101.2 | 79.1 | 92.2 | 92.7 | 82.2 | 80.0 | 94.3 | 78.1 | +1.00% | +6.7 | Ascending |
| Germany | 68.6 | 81.3 | 85.4 | 73.7 | 83.1 | 82.1 | 82.2 | 71.9 | 85.6 | 77.7 | +1.40% | +9.1 | Ascending |
| France | 59.0 | 52.9 | 57.9 | 56.7 | 51.1 | 57.2b | 54.6 | 58.0 | 55.9 | 55.9 | −0.59% | −3.1 | Stable |
| Belgium | 46.0 | 48.0 | 51.6 | 38.9 | 42.8 | 38.9 | 41.5 | 29.3 | 34.3 | 34.8 | −3.04% | −11.1 | Declining |
| Austria | 12.2 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 14.6 | 13.4 | 12.8 | +0.53% | +0.6 | Stable |
| Czechia | 7.6 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 8.4 | 12.5 | 15.9 | 14.4 | 14.6 | 13.5 | 11.4 | +4.66% | +3.8 | Ascending |
| Spain | 8.8 | 10.0 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 8.0 | −1.10% | −0.8 | Declining |
Source: Eurostat apro_cpsh1, 2015–2024
Supply Stability Scorecard: Reliability Rankings
Supply stability, measured by coefficient of variation (CV%), reveals which countries offer the most predictable harvests. Lower CV% values indicate tighter year-to-year consistency; higher values signal volatility. Max drawdown captures the worst peak-to-trough decline within the decade.
France ranks first in stability with a 4.15% CV, meaning its output deviated by roughly 2.3 thousand tonnes from its 55.9 thousand tonne mean — remarkable consistency for any crop. Germany and Poland, at 7.08% and 7.23% CV respectively, also qualify as very stable producers. All three countries exhibit CVs below 10%, placing them in the "very stable" category. Belgium and Czechia fall into the "volatile" category (CV > 15%), with Belgium's 15.89% CV reflecting its sharp post-2021 decline and Czechia's 21.08% CV indicating substantial year-to-year swings in its smaller production base.
| Country | Mean (1 000 t) | CV% | Max Drawdown% | Years Below Mean | Stability Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 55.91 | 4.15% | −10.31% | 4 | 1 |
| Germany | 79.17 | 7.08% | −13.69% | 4 | 2 |
| Poland | 102.31 | 7.23% | −12.67% | 6 | 3 |
| Austria | 12.91 | 8.85% | −22.99% | 4 | 4 |
| Netherlands | 84.64 | 10.91% | −21.81% | 6 | 5 |
| Spain | 7.88 | 11.94% | −31.53% | 5 | 6 |
| Belgium | 40.61 | 15.89% | −29.36% | 5 | 7 |
| Czechia | 12.04 | 21.08% | −24.42% | 5 | 8 |
Source: Eurostat apro_cpsh1, 2015–2024
Land Allocation Shift: 10-Year Cropland Transformation
Harvested area data (1 000 hectares) tracks where celeriac farmland expanded or contracted. The EU-27 total declined from 11.8 thousand ha in 2015 to 11.1 in 2024, but the country-level redistribution was substantial.
Poland's celeriac area contracted by 1.0 thousand hectares (−23.3%), the largest absolute reduction among all producers. This occurred alongside a 16.4% production increase, implying significant yield-per-hectare improvements — Poland effectively grew more celeriac on less land. The Netherlands expanded its area by 0.3 thousand ha (+20.5%) with a comparable production gain of 9.4%, while Germany added 0.2 thousand ha (+12.2%) against a 13.3% production rise. Spain's 24.2% area expansion (+0.1 thousand ha) outpaced its modest production decline, suggesting some dilution of land productivity.
| Country | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | Net Change (1 000 ha) | Growth Rate | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU-27 total* | 11.8 | N/A | 13.0 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 12.2 | N/A | N/A | 11.1 | 11.1 | N/A | N/A | — |
| Poland | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.3 | −1.0 | −2.90% | Contracting |
| Netherlands | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | +0.3 | +2.09% | Expanding |
| Germany | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | +0.2 | +1.28% | Expanding |
| France | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6b | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | −0.1 | −0.71% | Contracting |
| Belgium | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | −0.2 | −2.21% | Contracting |
| Austria | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | −0.0 | −0.38% | Stable |
| Czechia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | +0.0 | +0.74% | Expanding |
| Spain | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | +0.1 | +2.44% | Expanding |
Source: Eurostat apro_cpsh1, 2015–2024
EU Market Share: Who Dominates Celeriac Production?
European celeriac production is a niche but stable segment of the EU vegetable sector, with total output reaching 397.8 thousand tonnes in 2024. Poland leads by a significant margin, supplying one in every four tonnes produced across the bloc. The Netherlands and Germany follow closely, each contributing roughly one-fifth of total output. France and Belgium round out the top five.
The table below ranks the top celeriac-producing EU member states by 2024 harvest volume:
| Member State | Total (1 000 t) | Annual Avg (1 000 t/yr) | % of EU Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poland | 99.90 | 99.90 | 25.1% |
| Netherlands | 78.12 | 78.12 | 19.6% |
| Germany | 77.74 | 77.74 | 19.5% |
| France | 55.93 | 55.93 | 14.1% |
| Belgium | 34.84 | 34.84 | 8.8% |
| Austria | 12.80 | 12.80 | 3.2% |
| Czechia | 11.45 | 11.45 | 2.9% |
| Spain | 8.01 | 8.01 | 2.0% |
| Hungary | 4.72 | 4.72 | 1.2% |
| Romania | 3.83 | 3.83 | 1.0% |
| Other EU | 10.46 | 10.46 | 2.6% |
| EU Total | 397.80 | 397.80 | 100% |
Source: Eurostat apro_cpsh1, 2015–2024
Agricultural Efficiency: Yield per Hectare
While no direct yield indicator is published for celeriac in the Eurostat apro_cpsh1 dataset, calculated yield (production divided by harvested area) reveals sharp differences in agricultural efficiency across the top producers.
Belgium recorded the highest calculated yield among the top five producers at 48.4 tonnes per hectare in 2024, followed by Germany at 46.8 t/ha and the Netherlands at 41.6 t/ha. France recorded 33.9 t/ha, while Poland — despite being the largest producer by volume — posted a calculated yield of 30.3 t/ha, reflecting its larger land footprint relative to output.
| Member State | Production (1 000 t) | Area (1 000 ha) | Calculated Yield (t/ha) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 34.84 | 0.72 | 48.4 |
| Germany | 77.74 | 1.66 | 46.8 |
| Netherlands | 78.12 | 1.88 | 41.6 |
| France | 55.93 | 1.65 | 33.9 |
| Poland | 99.90 | 3.30 | 30.3 |
Source: Eurostat apro_cpsh1, 2015–2024
Regional and Climatic Divides Across Europe
Celeriac cultivation is overwhelmingly concentrated in the continental centre and west of Europe. Southern and Nordic member states register only marginal production, with their combined output amounting to just 4.3% of the EU total.
Western and Central Europe — the Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, and Austria — account for nearly two-thirds of EU celeriac output. The combined production of all Southern and Nordic member states amounts to just 17.06 thousand tonnes, or 4.3% of the EU total. Mediterranean countries such as Italy, Greece, and Portugal register negligible or zero commercial celeriac production.
| Region | Member States | Total (1 000 t) | Annual Avg (1 000 t/yr) | Share of EU |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| West/Central | NL, DE, FR, BE, AT | 259.43 | 259.43 | 65.2% |
| Central/East | PL, CZ, HU, RO, SK | 121.17 | 121.17 | 30.5% |
| South | ES, EL, IT, HR, PT | 11.20 | 11.20 | 2.8% |
| North | SE, DK, FI, LT, EE, LV | 5.86 | 5.86 | 1.5% |
Source: Eurostat apro_cpsh1, 2015–2024
Frequently Asked Questions
Which EU country grew its celeriac production the fastest, and which declined the most?
Czechia recorded the fastest growth at +4.66% CAGR, increasing from 7.6 to 11.4 thousand tonnes — a 50.7% net gain over the decade. Belgium experienced the steepest decline at −3.04% CAGR, falling from 46.0 to 34.8 thousand tonnes, with output dropping 36.3% from its 2017 peak of 51.6 thousand tonnes.
Which country is the most reliable celeriac supplier in the EU?
France ranks as the most stable supplier with a coefficient of variation of just 4.15%, meaning its annual output has deviated from its 55.9 thousand tonne mean by roughly 2.3 thousand tonnes across the decade. Germany (7.08% CV) and Poland (7.23% CV) follow as the next most reliable producers, all three qualifying as "very stable."
Where is celeriac farmland expanding and shrinking within the EU?
Celeriac farmland is expanding in Spain (+24.2%), the Netherlands (+20.5%), Germany (+12.2%), and Czechia (+6.9%). It is shrinking most sharply in Poland (−23.3%, −1.0 thousand ha), Belgium (−18.2%), and France (−6.3%). Austria's area remained essentially stable over the decade.
Which EU country produces the most celeriac?
Poland is the EU's largest celeriac producer, harvesting 99.9 thousand tonnes in 2024 — equivalent to 25.1% of total EU output.
Which EU country has the highest celeriac yield per hectare?
Germany recorded the highest calculated yield at 46.8 tonnes per hectare in 2024, followed by the Netherlands at 41.6 t/ha. Poland, despite being the largest producer, had a lower yield of 30.3 t/ha due to its larger planted area.
How much celeriac does the EU produce each year?
The European Union produced 397.8 thousand tonnes of celeriac in 2024. Production has contracted modestly from 435.8 thousand tonnes in 2020, an 8.7% decline over the five-year period.
Source data extracted from Eurostat dataset apro_cpsh1.
This article was generated using AI. The content is based on Eurostat data and is provided as a starting point — please verify all data with the original source.
