10-Year Production Trajectory: Rising Stars & Fading Producers
Year-by-year harvested production (1 000 tonnes) for the eight leading EU celeriac producers reveals a sector with clear winners and losers. Czechia grew at a 4.66% CAGR, adding 3.8 thousand tonnes, while Poland expanded at 1.7% CAGR and Germany at 1.4%. On the opposite side, Belgium contracted at −3.04% CAGR and Spain declined at −1.1% CAGR. France and Austria posted stable trajectories, with both countries showing minimal deviation from their decade averages.
Poland's production fluctuated from a low of 85.8 thousand tonnes in 2015 to a peak of 115.1 in 2017, then settled at 99.9 thousand tonnes in 2024 — still a 16.4% net increase over the decade. The Netherlands showed notable volatility, ranging from 71.4 thousand tonnes in 2015 to a high of 101.2 in 2017 before closing at 78.1 in 2024. Belgium's decline was the most pronounced: from 46.0 thousand tonnes in 2015 to 34.8 in 2024, with a particularly sharp drop between 2021 (41.5) and 2022 (29.3). Germany maintained relatively consistent output above 68 thousand tonnes each year, peaking at 85.6 in 2023, while France demonstrated the tightest year-to-year band among all top producers.
| Country | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | CAGR | Net Change (1 000 t) | Trajectory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU-27 total* | 383.5 | N/A | 459.8 | 394.9 | 418.3 | 435.8 | N/A | N/A | 428.9 | 397.8 | N/A | N/A | — |
| Poland | 85.8 | 101.4 | 115.1 | 100.5 | 98.9 | 103.3 | 101.3 | 110.9 | 106.1 | 99.9 | +1.70% | +14.1 | Ascending |
| Netherlands | 71.4 | 75.2 | 101.2 | 79.1 | 92.2 | 92.7 | 82.2 | 80.0 | 94.3 | 78.1 | +1.00% | +6.7 | Ascending |
| Germany | 68.6 | 81.3 | 85.4 | 73.7 | 83.1 | 82.1 | 82.2 | 71.9 | 85.6 | 77.7 | +1.40% | +9.1 | Ascending |
| France | 59.0 | 52.9 | 57.9 | 56.7 | 51.1 | 57.2b | 54.6 | 58.0 | 55.9 | 55.9 | −0.59% | −3.1 | Stable |
| Belgium | 46.0 | 48.0 | 51.6 | 38.9 | 42.8 | 38.9 | 41.5 | 29.3 | 34.3 | 34.8 | −3.04% | −11.1 | Declining |
| Austria | 12.2 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 14.6 | 13.4 | 12.8 | +0.53% | +0.6 | Stable |
| Czechia | 7.6 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 8.4 | 12.5 | 15.9 | 14.4 | 14.6 | 13.5 | 11.4 | +4.66% | +3.8 | Ascending |
| Spain | 8.8 | 10.0 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 8.0 | −1.10% | −0.8 | Declining |
Supply Stability Scorecard: Reliability Rankings
Supply stability, measured by coefficient of variation (CV%), reveals which countries offer the most predictable harvests. Lower CV% values indicate tighter year-to-year consistency; higher values signal volatility. Max drawdown captures the worst peak-to-trough decline within the decade.
France ranks first in stability with a 4.15% CV, meaning its output deviated by roughly 2.3 thousand tonnes from its 55.9 thousand tonne mean — remarkable consistency for any crop. Germany and Poland, at 7.08% and 7.23% CV respectively, also qualify as very stable producers. All three countries exhibit CVs below 10%, placing them in the "very stable" category. Belgium and Czechia fall into the "volatile" category (CV > 15%), with Belgium's 15.89% CV reflecting its sharp post-2021 decline and Czechia's 21.08% CV indicating substantial year-to-year swings in its smaller production base.
| Country | Mean (1 000 t) | CV% | Max Drawdown% | Years Below Mean | Stability Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 55.91 | 4.15% | −10.31% | 4 | 1 |
| Germany | 79.17 | 7.08% | −13.69% | 4 | 2 |
| Poland | 102.31 | 7.23% | −12.67% | 6 | 3 |
| Austria | 12.91 | 8.85% | −22.99% | 4 | 4 |
| Netherlands | 84.64 | 10.91% | −21.81% | 6 | 5 |
| Spain | 7.88 | 11.94% | −31.53% | 5 | 6 |
| Belgium | 40.61 | 15.89% | −29.36% | 5 | 7 |
| Czechia | 12.04 | 21.08% | −24.42% | 5 | 8 |
Land Allocation Shift: 10-Year Cropland Transformation
Harvested area data (1 000 hectares) tracks where celeriac farmland expanded or contracted. The EU-27 total declined from 11.8 thousand ha in 2015 to 11.1 in 2024, but the country-level redistribution was substantial.
Poland's celeriac area contracted by 1.0 thousand hectares (−23.3%), the largest absolute reduction among all producers. This occurred alongside a 16.4% production increase, implying significant yield-per-hectare improvements — Poland effectively grew more celeriac on less land. The Netherlands expanded its area by 0.3 thousand ha (+20.5%) with a comparable production gain of 9.4%, while Germany added 0.2 thousand ha (+12.2%) against a 13.3% production rise. Spain's 24.2% area expansion (+0.1 thousand ha) outpaced its modest production decline, suggesting some dilution of land productivity.
| Country | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | Net Change (1 000 ha) | Growth Rate | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU-27 total* | 11.8 | N/A | 13.0 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 12.2 | N/A | N/A | 11.1 | 11.1 | N/A | N/A | — |
| Poland | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.3 | −1.0 | −2.90% | Contracting |
| Netherlands | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | +0.3 | +2.09% | Expanding |
| Germany | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | +0.2 | +1.28% | Expanding |
| France | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6b | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | −0.1 | −0.71% | Contracting |
| Belgium | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | −0.2 | −2.21% | Contracting |
| Austria | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | −0.0 | −0.38% | Stable |
| Czechia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | +0.0 | +0.74% | Expanding |
| Spain | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | +0.1 | +2.44% | Expanding |
Frequently Asked Questions
Which EU country grew its celeriac production the fastest, and which declined the most?
Czechia recorded the fastest growth at +4.66% CAGR, increasing from 7.6 to 11.4 thousand tonnes — a 50.7% net gain over the decade. Belgium experienced the steepest decline at −3.04% CAGR, falling from 46.0 to 34.8 thousand tonnes, with output dropping 36.3% from its 2017 peak of 51.6 thousand tonnes.
Which country is the most reliable celeriac supplier in the EU?
France ranks as the most stable supplier with a coefficient of variation of just 4.15%, meaning its annual output has deviated from its 55.9 thousand tonne mean by roughly 2.3 thousand tonnes across the decade. Germany (7.08% CV) and Poland (7.23% CV) follow as the next most reliable producers, all three qualifying as "very stable."
Where is celeriac farmland expanding and shrinking within the EU?
Celeriac farmland is expanding in Spain (+24.2%), the Netherlands (+20.5%), Germany (+12.2%), and Czechia (+6.9%). It is shrinking most sharply in Poland (−23.3%, −1.0 thousand ha), Belgium (−18.2%), and France (−6.3%). Austria's area remained essentially stable over the decade.
Source data extracted from Eurostat dataset apro_cpsh1.
This article was generated using AI. The content is based on Eurostat data and is provided as a starting point — please verify all data with the original source.
