Trajectoire de production sur 10 ans: Étoiles montantes et producteurs en déclin
Across the EU-27, total sorghum production rose from 695 000 tonnes in 2016 to 881 000 tonnes in 2025 — a net gain of about 186 000 tonnes (+26.8%), equivalent to a 2.67% CAGR. The decade low came in 2022 at 536 000 tonnes, while the decade high was 2020 at 1.04 million tonnes.
France retained its position as the EU's top sorghum producer by volume, but its trajectory was essentially flat (a 0.22% CAGR, adding just 5 000 tonnes net). French output peaked at 447 000 tonnes in 2024 before dipping to 265 000 in 2025. France's 2020 value carries a break-in-series flag, reflecting a methodological change in French reporting. Italy, the second-largest producer, exhibited a gentle decline (-1.19% CAGR, -33 000 tonnes net) though its average volume of 279 000 tonnes kept it firmly among the leaders.
The most striking growth came from Central Europe. Slovakia delivered the decade's most explosive expansion, soaring from just 2 000 tonnes in 2016 to 40 000 tonnes in 2025 (a 38.67% CAGR, +1,796%), a nearly 19-fold increase. Hungary posted the second-fastest growth rate (29.80% CAGR, +946%), lifting production from 16 000 tonnes to 169 000 tonnes — vaulting from fifth to third place among EU producers and adding more net volume than any other country. Austria (11.33% CAGR, +163%) and Bulgaria (11.76% CAGR, +172%) also posted strong double-digit gains. Spain recorded the only clear structural decline among the top eight (-6.16% CAGR, -44%), with output halving from 37 000 to 21 000 tonnes. Spain's 2025 value is provisional, as flagged below. Romania held broadly steady (-0.25% CAGR, -1 000 tonnes net).
All values in 1 000 t. b = break in series, p = provisional.
| Country | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | CAGR | Net Change (1 000 t) | Trajectory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 260 | 322 | 317 | 423 | 432b | 382 | 211 | 304 | 447 | 265 | +0.22% | +5 | Stable |
| Italy | 322 | 249 | 304 | 323 | 374 | 231 | 198 | 247 | 256 | 289 | -1.19% | -33 | Declining |
| Hungary | 16 | 25 | 44 | 126 | 109 | 95 | 48 | 160 | 165 | 169 | +29.80% | +152 | Ascending |
| Romania | 24 | 54 | 76 | 60 | 36 | 34 | 15 | 21 | 25 | 24 | -0.25% | -1 | Stable |
| Austria | 17 | 20 | 27 | 30 | 40 | 37 | 26 | 38 | 36 | 43 | +11.33% | +27 | Ascending |
| Spain | 37 | 31 | 26 | 26 | 22 | 17 | 15 | 31 | 27 | 21p | -6.16% | -16 | Declining |
| Bulgaria | 8 | 13 | 37 | 23 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 22 | +11.76% | +14 | Ascending |
| Slovakia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 17 | 31 | 40 | +38.67% | +38 | Ascending |
| EU-27 | 695 | 724 | 841 | 1023 | 1038 | 819 | 536 | 835 | 1005 | 881 | +2.67% | +186 | Stable |
Tableau de stabilité d'approvisionnement: Classement de fiabilité
Volume leadership and supply reliability rarely coincide in sorghum. Ranking the top eight producers by coefficient of variation (CV) — where a lower CV means steadier year-to-year output — reveals a wide stability gap between established and emerging producers.
Italy is the single most stable sorghum supplier of the decade (CV 17.9%, max drawdown -38.2%), earning the #1 stability rank. France follows (CV 22.9%, max drawdown -44.8%), combining the largest average volume with moderate reliability — though its worst single-year drop of -44.8% in 2022 shows meaningful downside risk. Spain (CV 26.0%) and Austria (CV 26.8%) form a middle tier, with Spain posting the shallowest worst-year drop of any country at -23.5%. Romania (CV 51.6%) ranks fifth, reflecting its volatile but ultimately flat trajectory.
At the unstable end, Slovakia (CV 104.3%) is the least reliable producer — a consequence of its tiny starting base and torrid growth rate, which inevitably creates extreme year-to-year swings in percentage terms. Bulgaria (CV 64.7%, max drawdown -52.9%) and Hungary (CV 59.0%, max drawdown -50.0%) also carry high volatility, with both countries seeing output halved in their worst single year. For buyers seeking supply predictability, Italy and France are the safest sourcing options.
CV < 10% = Very stable; CV 10–20% = Moderately stable; CV > 20% = Volatile.
| Country | Mean (1 000 t) | CV% | Max Drawdown% | Years Below Mean | Stability Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | 279 | 17.9% | -38.2% | 5 | 1 |
| France | 336 | 22.9% | -44.8% | 6 | 2 |
| Spain | 25 | 26.0% | -23.5% | 4 | 3 |
| Austria | 31 | 26.8% | -29.1% | 5 | 4 |
| Romania | 37 | 51.6% | -56.1% | 7 | 5 |
| Hungary | 95 | 59.0% | -50.0% | 5 | 6 |
| Bulgaria | 15 | 64.7% | -52.9% | 7 | 7 |
| Slovakia | 12 | 104.3% | -23.2% | 7 | 8 |
Évolution de l'allocation des terres: Transformation des terres agricoles sur 10 ans
The land dedicated to sorghum tells a story of aggressive expansion, bucking the trend of acreage contraction observed across other cereals. EU-27 harvested sorghum area grew from 124 000 hectares in 2016 to 209 000 hectares in 2025 — a net gain of about 86 000 hectares (+69.1%, a 6.01% annualized rate). Because production grew more slowly than area (2.67% vs. 6.01%), the implied EU-27 yield fell slightly over the decade.
Hungary led the land expansion in absolute terms, adding 41 600 hectares (+934%) as its sorghum area jumped from 4 500 ha to 46 000 ha — nearly matching France's acreage by decade's end. France and Italy expanded more modestly: France added 14 800 ha (+30.5%, France's 2020 area carries a break-in-series flag) and Italy added 4 300 ha (+9.8%). Slovakia's area mirrored its production boom, surging from 1 000 ha to 9 200 ha (+851%). Romania rebounded from its 2022 trough of 5 700 ha to finish at 18 600 ha (+103%), while Bulgaria more than tripled its area (+213%) and Austria grew by 158%.
Spain was the sole outlier, contracting its sorghum area by 2 600 ha (-32.6%, a -4.29% annualized rate), fully consistent with its declining production trajectory. Comparing production CAGR against area growth rates reveals that France's output was essentially flat despite expanding land by 3.0% annually. In contrast, Hungary and Slovakia's production outpaced their already rapid acreage expansion, and both countries posted area-adjusted efficiency gains over the decade.
All values in 1 000 ha. b = break in series, p = provisional.
| Country | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Net Change (1 000 ha) | Growth Rate | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 48.5 | 56.2 | 60.8 | 83.1 | 93.6b | 67.5 | 49.9 | 54.6 | 100.5 | 63.2 | +14.8 | +3.00% | Expanding |
| Italy | 43.8 | 40.9 | 39.6 | 46.8 | 52.9 | 37.5 | 36.0 | 41.1 | 43.3 | 48.1 | +4.3 | +1.05% | Expanding |
| Hungary | 4.5 | 6.2 | 9.6 | 23.3 | 22.8 | 23.7 | 19.8 | 32.0 | 41.4 | 46.0 | +41.6 | +29.63% | Expanding |
| Romania | 9.2 | 14.0 | 15.9 | 15.7 | 9.6 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 6.9 | 13.0 | 18.6 | +9.4 | +8.18% | Expanding |
| Austria | 2.3 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.8 | +3.6 | +11.10% | Expanding |
| Spain | 8.1 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.5p | -2.6 | -4.29% | Contracting |
| Bulgaria | 3.3 | 4.2 | 8.9 | 7.0 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 6.0 | 10.3 | +7.0 | +13.53% | Expanding |
| Slovakia | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 7.5 | 9.2 | +8.2 | +28.43% | Expanding |
| EU-27 | 123.7 | 135.7 | 147.8 | 190.3 | 196.1 | 152.0 | 127.8 | 156.6 | 225.8 | 209.3 | +85.5 | +6.01% | Expanding |
Frequently Asked Questions
Quel pays de l'UE a le plus augmenté sa production de sorgho entre 2016 et 2025?
La Hongrie a ajouté le plus de volume (+152 000 tonnes, passant de 16 000 à 169 000 tonnes, +946%), tandis que la Slovaquie a affiché le taux de croissance le plus rapide (un TCAC de 38,67%, près de 19 fois son volume initial, de 2 000 à 40 000 tonnes). L'Espagne a été le seul grand producteur à enregistrer un déclin structurel net.
Quel est le fournisseur de sorgho le plus stable de l'UE?
L'Italie était le producteur le plus stable, avec le coefficient de variation le plus bas (17,9%) et le rang de stabilité n°1. La France se classait deuxième pour la stabilité avec un CV de 22,9%, combinant le plus grand volume moyen de production et une fiabilité modérée.
La superficie de sorgho de l'UE est-elle en expansion ou en contraction?
La superficie de sorgho récoltée de l'UE-27 s'est étendue d'environ 86 000 hectares (+69,1%) entre 2016 et 2025, inversant la tendance à la contraction observée pour d'autres céréales. Tous les grands producteurs, sauf l'Espagne, ont étendu leur superficie, menés par la Hongrie (+41 600 ha, +934%).
Source data extracted from Eurostat dataset apro_cpsh1.
This article was generated using AI. The content is based on Eurostat data and is provided as a starting point — please verify all data with the original source.
