2.6 Million Tonnes of EU Almond Production 2021–2025: A Complete Data Breakdown

EU Market Share: Who Dominates Production?

Over the five harvest years from 2021 to 2025, the EU-27 produced a total of 2 626.3 thousand tonnes of almonds. Spain alone accounted for 1 731.6 thousand tonnes, or 65.9% of the EU total (346.3 thousand t/yr). Italy followed with 378.2 thousand tonnes (14.4%, 75.6 thousand t/yr), while Portugal contributed 334.2 thousand tonnes (12.7%, 66.8 thousand t/yr). Greece ranked fourth with 163.6 thousand tonnes (6.2%, 32.7 thousand t/yr), and France rounded out the top five with 10.5 thousand tonnes (0.4%).

Spain's 1 731.6 thousand tonnes over the five-year period (346.3 thousand t/yr) is more than four times the combined output of Italy and Portugal, the second- and third-largest producers. The top four producers — Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Greece — together supply 99.3% of all EU almonds.

Agricultural Efficiency: Yield per Hectare

Eurostat does not publish direct yield indicators for almonds in the apro_cpsh1 dataset, but yield can be estimated from harvested production and planted area across the 5-year window. The data reveals significant differences in land-use efficiency among the top producers.

Greece achieves the highest calculated yield among the major producers at 1.81 tonnes per hectare, followed by Italy at 1.41 t/ha. Portugal yields 0.98 t/ha, while France records 0.85 t/ha. Spain, despite dominating total production, has the lowest yield of the top producers at 0.53 t/ha due to its very extensive planted area. Note that Greek data is estimated (flagged "e" by Eurostat).

Regional and Climatic Divides Across Europe

Almond production is overwhelmingly concentrated in Southern Europe, with Spain alone accounting for nearly two-thirds of EU output.

The Mediterranean climate is essential for almond cultivation, which explains why production is virtually non-existent in Northern, Eastern, and Western Europe (with the minor exception of France). Southern Europe accounts for 99.4% of total EU almond production, driven overwhelmingly by Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Greece.

Temporal Trends: Market Stability vs. Volatility

The 2021–2025 period shows diverging trajectories among EU almond producers, with Spain displaying notable volatility while Italy and Portugal show steady growth.

Spain, the dominant producer, experienced a sharp contraction in 2022, dropping from 365.2 thousand tonnes to 246.0 thousand tonnes (−32.6%), followed by a strong recovery to 453.0 thousand tonnes in 2025 — the highest in the five-year window. Italy demonstrates remarkable stability with annual output consistently between 71.6 and 79.3 thousand tonnes and a modest 10.7% cumulative increase. Portugal shows the strongest growth trajectory, more than doubling from 41.5 thousand tonnes in 2021 to 86.2 thousand tonnes in 2025 (provisional data, flagged "p"), a 108% increase. Greece, whose data is estimated throughout (flagged "e"), shows moderate fluctuation with a peak of 39.7 thousand tonnes in 2022.

The EU-27 aggregate grew from 508.5 thousand tonnes in 2021 to 651.0 thousand tonnes in 2025 — a 28.0% increase over the five-year window.

Land Allocation: How Countries Prioritize Farmland

The EU-27 dedicated a total of 3 977.5 thousand hectares to almond orchards between 2021 and 2025, averaging 795.5 thousand hectares per year. Spain accounts for over 81% of this area.

Spain's 3 238.9 thousand hectares over five years (647.8 thousand ha/yr) is more than nine times the combined almond area of the next three largest producers. Spain's planted area has been expanding steadily, from 620.2 thousand hectares in 2021 to 674.4 thousand hectares in 2025 — an 8.7% increase. Portugal and Italy maintain relatively stable almond areas, with Portugal growing from 58.4 to 73.8 thousand hectares (+26.3%) and Italy holding steady around 53–54 thousand hectares.

Frequently Asked Questions